What is Ulcerative Colitis?
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects the lining of the colon and rectum. The exact cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown, but it is believed to be related to an abnormal immune system response to the bacteria in the gut.
Symptoms
Patient with Ulcerative colitis usually presents with abdominal pain and cramping, diarrhea (which can be bloody), fatigue, reduced appetite, and weight loss. Some people may also experience extra-intestinal symptoms, such as joint pain, skin rashes, or eye inflammation.
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Diagnosis / Treatment
Diagnosis of ulcerative colitis typically involves a physical examination, blood tests, stool tests, and imaging tests (such as a colonoscopy or CT scan/MRI). Treatment options may include medications to reduce inflammation in the colon (such as aminosalicylates and corticosteroids), immunosuppressants, and biologics.
In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the colon and rectum. Complications of ulcerative colitis can include colon cancer, osteoporosis, and malnutrition.
When to see doctor?
It is important to see a doctor if you are experiencing symptoms of ulcerative colitis, as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes. Lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding trigger foods, quitting smoking, and managing stress, may also help reduce symptoms and improve quality of life for people with ulcerative colitis. It is also important to do a colonoscopy to assess the severity of the disease and also for the surveillance of the disease to prevent colon cancer.